【解析】什麼是分詞? #基礎篇

觀念入門
1. 分詞的種類及用法:
分詞可分為現在分詞與過去分詞:
現在分詞 | 過去分詞 |
be+V-ing=進行式 (1) 現在分詞表:主動、進行(令人……) | have+p.p.=完成式 be+p.p.=被動式 (2) 過去分詞表:被動、完成(感到……) |
2. 分詞的位置:
種類 用法 | 現在分詞 | 過去分詞 | |
修飾語 | a sleeping baby | a broken window | |
a girl writing a letter | a letter written in English | ||
補語 | S+V+S.C. | He sat reading a book. | I was surprised at the news. |
S+V+O+O.C. | I found him standing at the door. | I has my car washed. |
3. 分詞的用法:
(1) 作主要動詞的一部分:
a. 現在分詞表主動、進行。
b. 過去分詞表被動、完成。
用法 | 例句 |
be+V-ing =進行式 | I am writing in the room. (我正在房間裡寫信。) It is raining now. (天在下雨。) |
be+p.p. =被動語態 | The book was written in English. (這本書是用英文寫的。) |
have+p.p. =完成式 | I have read the book already. (我已經看完這本書。) |
(2) 作形容詞修飾名詞:
a. 前位修飾(放在名詞之前)。
用法 | 例句 |
A rolling stone gathers no moss. (滾石不生苔;轉業不聚財。) | |
A lost opportunity never returns. (錯過的機會永不再來。) |
b. 後位修飾(放在名詞之後)。
用法 | 例句 |
Do you know the lady getting out of the car? (你認識那個正從車子出來的女士嗎?) | |
The language spoken in the United States is English. (在美國說的語言是英語。) |
(3) 作補語:
a. 作主詞補語:
用法 | 例句 | |
現在分詞 | The dog came running to me. (這隻狗向我跑過來。) He sat there reading a novel. (他坐在那兒看小說。) | |
過去分詞 | The teacher sat there surrounded by his pupils. (老師被學生圍坐在那裡。) |
b. 做受詞補語:
用法 | 例句 | |
現在分詞 | I watched many children playing in the park. (我看到很多小孩在公園玩。) I heard her singing a song. (他坐在那兒看小說。) Don’t keep me waiting too long. (不要讓我等太久。) | |
過去分詞 | I heard my name called. (我聽到有人叫我的名字。) I had my car washed. (我叫人洗我的車。) I found the book stolen. (我發現這本書被偷了。) |
